Search results for "ambiguity"
showing 10 items of 105 documents
Community dimensions and emotions in the era of COVID-19
2021
Abstract Following an ecological perspective, reactions to a disaster—such as the COVID‐19 pandemic—should be analysed in the interdependence between individual and community dimensions. The present study aims to analyse individual emotional dimensions (anxiety, joy, fear or depressive feelings) and their community dimensions (connectedness, emotional sharing and solidarity) with a longitudinal approach among university students from Italian universities. Participants were 746 university students at t1 (during the lockdown) and 361 at t2 (after the lockdown) recruited in six Italian universities from different areas of Italy. Comparing emotional dimensions in the two times, t2 is characteri…
Limiting Auditor Liability? - Experimental Evidence on Risk and Ambiguity Attitudes under Real Losses
2009
This paper is motivated by the current debate on limiting auditor liability. In a laboratory experiment, the effect of limited versus unlimited liability on behavior under risk and ambiguity is investigated for risks involving small probabilities. The amount of liability is manipulated in such a way that subjects can pay with their show-up fee under limited liability, but they can suffer out-of-pocket losses under unlimited liability. Findings are that both risk aversion and ambiguity aversion are higher under unlimited liability than under limited liability, and these two constructs are correlated under unlimited liability. These findings provide new empirical evidence for the intuition th…
Limiting Liability? — Risk and Ambiguity Attitudes Under Real Losses
2013
Using a laboratory experiment in which the unlimited liability treatment involves real out-of-pocket losses, we investigate and compare the behavioral effects of auditors’ limited and unlimited liability on behavior under risk and ambiguity. We find that aversion to both risk and ambiguity are higher under unlimited liability than under limited liability, and that these two constructs are correlated under unlimited liability. Our findings explain why some auditors might be hindered in performing their duties properly under unlimited liability. Further, our findings emphasize the importance of appropriately modeling risk and ambiguity attitudes in economic models on liability.
Adherence
2016
Non-adherence to medical advice is a serious problem to patients, health policy and practitioners. This article outlines concepts of behavioral economics that might lead a patient to decide against the provider's recommendations and thus to be non-adherent. Especially the timing of pay-offs and dynamic inconsistency, their uncertainty and ambiguity aversion, loss-aversion and numerous heuristics like the peak-end-rule are discussed. The paper concludes with some hints on “libertarian” paternalism that may improve the situation.
Four Wellbeing Patterns and their Antecedents in Millennials at Work
2018
Literature suggests that job satisfaction and health are related to each other in a synergic way. However, this might not always be the case, and they may present misaligned relationships. Considering job satisfaction and mental health as indicators of wellbeing at work, we aim to identify four patterns (i.e., satisfied-healthy, unsatisfied-unhealthy, satisfied-unhealthy, and unsatisfied-healthy) and some of their antecedents. In a sample of 783 young Spanish employees, a two-step cluster analysis procedure showed that the unsatisfied-unhealthy pattern was the most frequent (33%), followed by unsatisfied-healthy (26.6%), satisfied-unhealthy (24.8%) and, finally, the satisfied-healthy patter…
Neural correlates of valence generalization in an affective conditioning paradigm.
2014
In case of uncertainty, predictions that are based on prior, similar experiences guide our decision by processes of generalization. Over-generalization of negative information has been identified as an important feature of several psychopathologies, including anxiety disorders and depression, and might underlie biased interpretation of ambiguous information. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of valence generalization to ambiguous stimuli using a translational affective conditioning task during fMRI. Twenty-five healthy individuals participated in a conditioning procedure with (1) an initial acquisition phase, where participants learned the positive and negative valence of two diff…
LTE-based passive radars and applications: a review
2021
This paper provides an overview of the most recent passive radars based on long-term evolution (LTE). To begin, this paper investigates the various characteristics and requirements of 4 G LTE signals for radar, taking performance aspects such as range, velocity, range resolution, and velocity resolution into account. An ambiguity function analysis is performed on a measured LTE signal using the synchronization and reference signal components to evaluate key performance parameters such as Doppler and range characteristics. We also discuss how LTE passive radar can be used in a variety of applications. The detailed analysis of the LTE downlink signal, its structural overview, and the effect o…
Appearance as the Arrival of the Future
2017
AMBIGUITIES of language often indicate a problematic subject matter. That is the case with the word "appear" (erscheinen). When I say that an acquaintance (or someone with whom I was previously unacquainted) "appeared" to me, in order to speak with me, the meaning is: he came to me, he showed up in my habitat, perhaps at my home. He did not only seem (scheinen) to be there; he really was there. When something appears to us, it does not only seem to be with us, it actually is present. Appearance and existence are here very closely connected. But on the other hand, my acquaintance still exists even when he does not appear to me. Whether that would still be true if he appeared nowhere whether …
Doppler Estimation and Correction for JANUS Underwater Communications
2020
In recent years, underwater communications have seen a growing interest pushed by marine research, oceanography, marine commercial operations, offshore oil industry and defense applications. Generally, underwater communications employ audio signals which can propagate relatively far but are also significantly affected by Doppler distortions. In fact, physical properties of the water and spatial changes due to tides, currents and waves can cause channel variations or unwanted movements of the transmitter or receiver. This study shows how to compensate for the Doppler effect in transmission employing the JANUS standard, a popular modulation scheme for underwater communication. Differently for…
Altered neural responses to social fairness in bipolar disorder
2020
Highlights • Bipolar disorder is characterized by impaired processing of social fairness. • BD patients exhibit increased rejection of moderate unfairness in Ultimatum Game. • BD patients display decreased response to moderate unfairness in anterior insula. • BD patients deactivate posterior and middle insula in response to unfairness. • Trait impulsivity positively correlated with deactivations in posterior insula.